媒体再现与认同政治
http://commdb.nccu.edu.tw/ccs/oldccs/con2002/conworks/1A-2.doc
《新闻学研究》“认同与传播”专题
http://www.jour.nccu.edu.tw/mcr/issue56.html?IssueID=0056
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认同政治
人类主体、自我与认同的理论
Politics of Identities:
Theories of Human Subjects, Selves and Identities
2004版
授课教师 :王志弘 时间 :周一晚上0640-0930
地点 :世新大学舍我楼R903室
课程介绍
「我是谁,谁是我,我为何是我,什么是我,什么不是我,我的生命与他人及这个世界何干?」这一连串问题并非哲学的玄想,而是支持我们日常生活运作的不假思索预设,或是不断质疑我们最根本的自我意识和存在价值的问题。不论从理论上或实际上来说,从「我思故我在」确定但脆弱的人类中心位置出发,我们现在已经抵达「多重自我」、「分裂与片断的主体性」、「认同源于建构且游移不定」、「自我(主体)与异己相互穿透构成」,乃至于「人机合体、物我难分」的「(后)人类状况」了。自我是什么?认同如何构成?以及人类主体位置何在?成为廿世纪末人人自疑,而廿一世纪将继续追问的主题。
「认同政治」是当前社会运动与基进学界关切的核心议题,我们也正面临一个自我意识高涨,但认同边界松动、主体位置不确定的时代处境。各种社会运动必然涵括认同政治的部份,以廓清主体位置、建立认同作为召唤手段及运动目标。不论是劳工运动、国族运动、女权运动、同志运动或少数族裔争取权利运动、社区运动和都市社会运动,都在过程中经历厘清运动成员之主体处境,塑造新的自我感受,乃至于争辩认同边界的议题。即使生态保育运动,也涉及了人类主体与自然界之关系的重新界定。此外,位居主流的社会群体,在响应与对抗挑战其既得利益的新社会势力时,亦常诉诸认同政治。
另一方面,各种新的社会与科技趋势,例如生化医学技术、计算机信息科技,身体装扮、美容整型与塑身保健风潮,以及种种跨越既定社会认同界线的现象,亦指出了「自我、主体与认同」的问题丛,乃是我们不能不认真对待的课题。学术界反映社会的变动,提出了认同、自我与主体的各种新观点。新概念的提出(例如去中心之主体观,或是认同的建构论),也让我们思索和反省从社会集体到个人生活的各种既定的、僵化的自我与认同观念,从而想象新的可能性。据此,本课程将课程安排区分为三大部分,特别强调由西方的人性论、自我哲学与心灵哲学出发,将认同与主体的课题安放其间,以厘析当代认同政治背后的伦理关怀与哲思渊源:
(一) 奠立基础:阅读两本综论性的教科书,初步掌握人类自我、主体与认同的理论和议题。
(二) 研读重要的自我与主体理论:研读重要文献,掌握讨论主体、自我与认同的各种理论取向。包括人本主义、存在主义与现象学、象征互动论、马克思主义、精神分析、女性主义、各种主体建构论(后结构与后现代主义、后殖民论述)、佛学、空间理论与身体理论等。特别强调要放在自我与异己(他人、世界、物体)的关系里来探索,尤其是要拉出伦理学的向度。
(三) 探索认同政治的趋势与议题︰现代人类主体(存在状况与观念)崛起的社会史、国家与个人的新关系、新社会运动与认同政治、新家庭关系、消费与认同、扮装与变性、混血杂种、全球化、科技(生化科技与信息科技)、生态论述等。
★ 主要教科书和重要参考书
1.Jenkins, Richard. (1996). Social Identity. London: Routledge.
2.Sarup, Madan. (1996). Identity, Culture and the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3.Elliott, Anthony. (2001). Concepts of the Self. Cambridge: Polity Press.
4.Hall, Stuart, & Paul du Gay (eds.). (1996). Questions of Cultural Identity. London: Sage.
5.Levin, Jerome David. (1992). Theories of the Self. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing.
6.Alcoff, Linda Martin and Eduardo Mendieta (eds.). (2003). Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell.
7.零星阅读材料暨参考数据,另参见2001年与2002年版《认同政治读本》。
★ 建议寒假课前阅读书目
1.Said, Edward. (1999). Out of Place.(彭淮栋译,(2000),《乡关何处》,台北:立绪。)
★ 适合对象 :研究生。
★ 课程要求 :尽力研读,勇于发问,勤于出席。期中缴交「文献评论」一篇(约2,000字,可以是上课报告摘要的延伸整理)及「叙事认同的自我书写」一篇(约3,000字,讨论自己的认同形成过程),期末缴交研究「符合学术论文格式的报告」一篇(约12,000字,针对台湾的具体认同和主体议题加以分析讨论)。期末报告题目须于学期中与教师讨论。
★ 评分依据 :文献评论占15%,叙事认同的自我书写占20%,期末报告占25%,平时表现(出席、讨论与口头报告)占40%。
★ 上课方式 :采取讲演和讨论课(seminar)并行的方式,除了由教师提示重点和引导讨论外,主要由参与者报告研读之文章,每篇文章报告时间控制在三十分钟内,尽量留时间讨论。
各周主题与阅读材料
□实际阅读份量,视修课人数而定。加*号者编入读本,其余文章另外购买或印制。
第一部份 奠立基础
第一讲 社会认同:社会学与人类学的取向
□ 阅读材料:
1.Jenkins, Richard. (1996). Social Identity. London: Routledge.【有中译】
2.Elliott, Anthony. (2001). Concepts of the Self. Cambridge: Polity Press.
第二讲 当代主体理论与认同政治概说(一)
□ 阅读材料:
1.Hall, Stuart. (1992). “The question of cultural identity”, in Stuart Hall, David Held, and Tony McGrew (eds), Modernity and Its Futures (pp. 273-325). Cambridge: Polity Press.*
2.Hall, Stuart. (1996). "Introduction: who needs 'identity'?", in Stuart Hall & Paul du Gay (eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 1-17). London: Sage.*
3.Grossberg, Lawrence. (1996). "Identity and cultural studies: is that all there is", in Stuart Hall & Paul du Gay (eds.), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 87-107). London: Sage.*
第三讲 当代主体理论与认同政治概说(二)
□ 阅读材料:
1.Sarup, Madan. (1996). Identity, Culture and the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ch. 1 –ch. 6
第四讲 当代主体理论与认同政治概说(三)
□ 阅读材料:
1.Sarup, Madan. (1996). Identity, Culture and the Postmodern World. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ch. 7–ch. 12
第二部份 人、自我、主体与认同诸理论
第五讲 西方自我观(一):理性论、经验论、康德与黑格尔
□ 阅读材料:
1.Levin, Jerome David. (1992). Theories of the Self. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing. pp. 1-65
第六讲 西方自我观(二):祁克果、詹姆斯、弗罗伊德与容格
□ 阅读材料:
1.Levin, Jerome David. (1992). Theories of the Self. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing. pp. 67-123
第七讲 西方自我观(三):社会心理学、现象学、存在主义与当代精神分析
□ 阅读材料:
1.Levin, Jerome David. (1992). Theories of the Self. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing. pp. 125-209
2.Grosz, Elizabeth. (1990). "The ego and the imaginary", in Jacques Lacan: A Feminist Introduction (pp. 24-49). London: Routledge.*
第八讲 马克思主义的人与社会关系论:劳动、异化与意识形态
□ 阅读材料:
1.Marx, Carl. (1990),〈异化劳动〉、〈货币〉,收于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(伊海宇译)(页47-61及页109-115),台北:时报。*
2.Marx, Carl. (1972),〈关于费尔巴哈的提纲〉,《马克思恩格斯选集》第一卷(页16-19),北京:人民出版社。*
3.Marx, Carl. (1972),〈德意志意识形态〉,《马克思恩格斯选集》第一卷(页22-56),北京:人民出版社。*
4.Gramsci, Antonio. (1988),《狱中札记》(页33-46),台北:谷风出版社。*
5.Althusser, Louis. (1971). "Ideology and ideological state apparatuses", in Lenin and Philosophy. New York: Monthly Review Press.(杜章智译,(1990),〈意识形态与意识形态国家机器〉,收于《列宁和哲学》(pp. 151-206),台北︰远流。)*
6.洪鎌德,(1997),〈马克思论人与人性〉,收于《马克思》(页211-231),台北︰东大。*
第九讲 人类能动性(human agency)、行动与结构
□ 阅读材料:
1.Barnes, Barry. (2000). “‘Choice’ and ‘agency’ in social theory”, in Understanding Agency: Social Theory and Responsible Action. (pp. 17-33). London: Sage.*
2.Barnes, Barry. (2000). “‘Agency’ and ‘responsibility’ in sociological theory”, in Understanding Agency: Social Theory and Responsible Action. (pp. 82-102). London: Sage.*
3.叶启政,(2000),〈从结构到施为——对主客两元对张困境的化解企图〉,收于《进出「结构–行动」的困境》(页309-369),台北︰东大。*
第十一讲 社会建构论∕叙事与自我
□ 阅读材料:
1.Burr, Vivien. (1995). "Introduction: what is social constructionism?", in An Introduction to Social Constructionism (pp. 1-16). London: Routledge.*
2.Burr, Vivien. (1995). "What does it mean to be a person?", in An Introduction to Social Constructionism (pp. 113-158). London: Routledge.*
3.Kerby, Anthony Paul. (1991). “On narrative”, & “The subject”, in Narrative and the Self (pp. 32-108). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.*
第十二讲 巴特论作者之死∕傅柯论自我的技艺
□阅读材料:
1.Barthes, Roland. (1993). "Authors and Writers", in Susan Sontag (ed.), A Roland Barthes Reader (pp. 185-193). London: Vintage.*
2.Barthes, Roland. (1989). "The Death of the Author", in The Rustle of Language (Richard Howard trans.) (pp. 49-55). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published 1984)*
3.Foucault, Michel (1988). "Technologies of the self", in Luther H. Martin, Huck Gutman, & Patrick H. Hutton (eds.), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault (pp. 16-49). Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press.*
4.Rose, Nikolas. (1996). “Identity, genealogy, history”, in S. Hall and P. du Gay (eds), Questions of Cultural Identity (pp. 128-150). London: Sage.
第十三讲 后现代主体论争辩
□ 阅读材料:
1.Glass, James M. (1993). "Postmodernism and the multiplicity of self", in Shattered Selves: Multiple Personality in a Postmodern World (pp. 1-27). Ithaca, NY.: Cornell University Press.*
2.Elliott, Anthony. (1996). "The ambivalence of identity: between modernity and postmodernity", in Subjects to Ourselves: Social Theory, Psychoanalysis and Postmodernity (pp. 5-38). Cambridge: Polity Press.*
3.Rorty, Richard. (1989). "The contingency of selfhood", in Contingency, Irony and Solidarity (pp. 23-43). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.(徐文瑞译,(1998),〈自我的偶然〉,收于《偶然、反讽与团结》(pp. 65-97),台北:麦田。)*
4.Baudrillard, Jean. (1993),〈请跟我来〉(王志弘、张淑玫译),《当代》84期,页126-139。*
第三部份 认同政治的当前时势与课题
第十四讲 现代自我的形成;风险与认同;全球化情境下的差异共存
□阅读材料:
1.Giddens, Anthony. (2002)《现代性与自我认同》(Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age)(赵旭东、方文译),台北:左岸。(原书出版于1991年)
2.Touraine, Alain. (2000). “The subject”, in Can We Live Together? (pp. 52-88). Cambridge: Polity Press.*
第十五讲 种族、族群与阶级认同形构
1.Alcoff, Linda Martin and Eduardo Mendieta (eds.). (2003). Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell. Part II: Race/Ethnicity/Ethnorace, pp. 41-104
2.Alcoff, Linda Martin and Eduardo Mendieta (eds.). (2003). Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell. Part III: Class and Identity, pp. 105-146
第十六讲 性别与性
□ 阅读材料:
1. Alcoff, Linda Martin and Eduardo Mendieta (eds.). (2003). Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell. Part IV: Gender/Sexuality, pp. 147-268
2. 张小虹,(1996),〈越界认同:拟仿∕学舌∕假仙的论述危机〉,《欲望新地图:性别.同志学》(页158-200),台北:联合文学。*
3. Fuss, Diana. (1989). "The 'risk' of essence", in Essentially Speaking: Feminism, Nature & Difference (pp. 1-21). New York: Routledge.*
第十七讲 国族与跨国族认同∕游移认同
□ 阅读材料:
1.Alcoff, Linda Martin and Eduardo Mendieta (eds.). (2003). Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell. Part V: Nationality/Transnational Identities, pp. 269-329
2.Hall, Stuart. (1990). "Cultural identity and diaspora", in Jonathan Rutherford (ed.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference (pp. 222-237). London: Lawrence & Wishart.*
第十八讲 消费与认同;空间、地方与认同
□ 阅读材料:
1.Bourdieu, Pierre. (1984). “The sense of distinction”, in Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste (pp. 260-317). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.*
2.Bondi, Liz (1993). "Locating identity politics", in Michael Keith & Steve Pile (eds.), Place and the Politics of Identity (pp. 84-101). London: Routledge.*
3.Pile, Steve & Nigel Thrift. (1995). "Mapping the subject", in Steve Pile & Nigel Thrift (eds.), Mapping the Subject: Geographies of Cultural Transformation (pp. 13-51). London: Routledge.*
4.Marcus, Clare Cooper. (2000)《家屋,自我的一面镜子》(House as a Mirror of Self)(徐诗思译),台北:张老师出版社。(原书出版于1995年)
第十九讲 认同政治形貌重构
□ 阅读材料:
1.Alcoff, Linda Martin and Eduardo Mendieta (eds.). (2003). Identities: Race, Class, Gender, and Nationality. Oxford: Blackwell. Part VI: Reconfigurations, pp. 331-405
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